Calcium Phosphorus
Backed by 324 studiesOverall grade based on research across 10 ingredients.
57out of 100Grade C
Research evidence score
Weighed against 324 published studies · led by Vitamin A
How the ingredients work together
Known interactions from published nutrition research — separate from the evidence grade.
Vitamin C + Vitamin EWork together
Vitamin C regenerates oxidized vitamin E, recycling its antioxidant capacity.
Ingredient breakdown
C
Vitamin ASupports vitamin function
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 8 studiesDose: 300 mcg RAEEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
C
Vitamin CSupports immune function
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 40 studiesDose: 15 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review (2021)Does Evidence Exist to Blunt Inflammatory Response by Nutraceutical Supplementation during COVID-19 Pandemic? An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Vitamin D, Vitamin C, Melatonin, and Zinc (2021)The effect of Vitamin C and Zn supplementation on the immune system and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients (2022)
C
Vitamin D3Supports bone health and immune function
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 33 studiesDose: 5 mcgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Vitamin D and Health: Perspectives From Mice and Man (2008)Effect of supplemental vitamin D3 on bone mineral density: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (2022)Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (2017)
C
Vitamin EProtects skin from oxidative damage
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 19 studiesDose: 0.8 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
C
ThiamineSupports vitamin function
Research direction: Mixed findingsEvidence: 30 studiesDose: 0.5 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Vitamin Supplementation and Dementia: A Systematic Review (2022)What is the optimum thiamine dose to treat or prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy or Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome? Results of a randomized controlled trial (2022)Combination therapy of vitamin C and thiamine for septic shock: a multi-centre, double-blinded randomized, controlled study (2020)
C
RiboflavinSupports vitamin function
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 40 studiesDose: 1 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Prophylaxis of migraine headaches with riboflavin: A systematic review (2017)Update on riboflavin and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review (2017)Effects of supplementation with low-dose group B vitamins on clinical and biochemical parameters in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial (2022)
C
NiacinSupports vitamin function
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 50 studiesDose: 5 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
The effectiveness of essential fatty acid, B vitamin, Vitamin C, magnesium and zinc supplementation for managing stress in women: a systematic review protocol (2015)Effects of Nutritional Supplementation on Fatigue, and Autonomic and Immune Dysfunction in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial (2015)Fulminant Hepatic Failure after Ingestion of Sustained-Release Nicotinic Acid (1989)
C
CalciumSupports bone density
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 47 studiesDose: 500 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Beyond Calcium and Vitamin D: Exploring Creatine, β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, Prebiotics and Probiotics in Osteosarcopenia (2025)A Systematic Review of Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) in Older Adults on Polypharmacy: Do PPIs Deplete Nutrients? (2025)Nutrients to mitigate osteosarcopenia: the role of protein, vitamin D and calcium (2020)
C
PhosphorusSupports mineral function
Research direction: Leans supportiveEvidence: 29 studiesDose: 385 mgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Therapeutic interventions for chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders: focus on mortality. (2011)Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Recent Evidence and Controversies. (2018)Hemp seed extract as a catalyst for cell proliferation via IGF-1 and growth hormone signaling: Increased natural regenerative potential of muscles. (2026)
C
IodineSupports mineral function
Research direction: Mixed findingsEvidence: 28 studiesDose: 75 mcgEvidence strength: Moderate - supportive but mixed
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of iodine supplementation on thyroid function and child neurodevelopment in mildly-to-moderately iodine-deficient pregnant women. (2020)Relationship between mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women and thyroid function: A meta-analysis. (2023)An update: maternal iodine supplementation, thyroid function tests, and child neurodevelopmental outcomes (2023)
This summary describes only the ingredients and the research behind them — it is not a judgment of the product or its marketing. Grades reflect the weight of published evidence cross-referenced against 350M+ research papers. How we grade →
Check what's really in your products
Scan any label and see what the research actually says.
Scan a product